The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) has disclosed that Ghana’s small-scale mining sector has, for the first time, surpassed large-scale mining in gold production, signalling a major shift in the country’s mining landscape and raising concerns about environmental oversight.
Speaking at a policy dialogue on mining governance in Accra, the EPA explained that mining activities are now widespread across the country, with gold mining taking place in most regions. This expansion reflects the growing intensity and diversity of small-scale mining, which now ranges from artisanal operations to fully mechanised activities involving heavy equipment.
The EPA noted that, unlike the conventional classification of mining into only large-scale and small-scale, the Authority assesses mining based on environmental impact. This broader approach reflects the complex nature of mining activities and their varying levels of pressure on ecosystems.
According to the Authority, the scale and spread of mining underscore the urgency of strengthening environmental regulation, especially at the local level. The EPA pointed out that its mandate has recently been expanded under a new legal framework, Act 1124, which elevates the institution into an authority responsible not only for environmental protection but also for waste management and coordination of climate change responses.
The EPA explained that the law is designed to address what is described as the “triple planetary crisis” of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, all of which are increasingly linked to mining activities.
Despite ongoing collaboration with District Assemblies, the EPA indicated that several challenges continue to undermine effective regulation. In many cases, coordination between the Authority and local authorities remains weak, with some assemblies reportedly issuing operational permits without proper environmental clearance. The Authority also noted that it is sometimes excluded from local task forces, even though it is mandated to play a key regulatory role.
Logistical and capacity constraints were also highlighted as major concerns. Limited resources, including inadequate equipment and personnel, have made it difficult for both the EPA and District Assemblies to effectively monitor mining activities. In some instances, gaps in technical knowledge at the local level further complicate enforcement efforts.
The EPA warned that these challenges contribute to the persistence of illegal mining, as regulatory systems struggle to keep pace with the scale of operations. The Authority emphasized that addressing the problem will require stronger coordination, better information sharing, and more integrated systems for licensing and monitoring.
The EPA stressed the need for improved collaboration between national institutions and District Assemblies, particularly in streamlining permitting processes and ensuring transparency. There were also calls for increased environmental education and stronger community engagement to support sustainable practices.
Ultimately, the EPA maintained that environmental protection must be seen as a shared responsibility, requiring the combined efforts of government agencies, local authorities, communities, and other stakeholders.
The Authority expressed optimism that with improved partnerships and more effective systems at the district level, Ghana can better manage its mining sector while safeguarding its environment for future generations.
